As digital nomadism grows, so does the importance of knowing what visa options are available for those who travel while working.
Starting in mid-2025 remote workers who want to go to Europe have two main choices: the ETIAS or long-term visas. Each option has its own benefits and is suited for different needs.
The Rise of Digital Nomadism in Europe
In recent years, more digital nomads—people working remotely from different places—have been heading to Europe.
Eurofound data shows that around 41.7 million people in the European Union (EU) worked remotely in 2021, which is double the number from 2019. The continent’s fast internet, rich culture, and varied landscapes make it a top choice for remote workers.
However, figuring out immigration rules can be tricky. Knowing the difference between ETIAS and long-term visas is key for those planning to stay in the Schengen Area for a while.
What is ETIAS?
The European Travel Information and Authorization System (ETIAS) is an upcoming travel authorization system for citizens from visa-exempt countries, set to launch in 2025.
It allows short-term stays in the Schengen Area for up to 90 days within a 180-day period, covering tourism, business, or medical purposes.
Digital nomads who plan to work remotely from different European cities without overstaying can benefit from ETIAS, as it grants access to 30 countries without the need for a visa.
To apply for an ETIAS authorization, digital nomads must fill out an online form, providing personal details, travel itinerary, and security-related questions. The approval process is typically fast, with most applications processed in minutes.
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Long-Term Visa Options for Digital Nomads in Europe
For those planning to stay in Europe longer than 90 days or set up a base in one country, long-term visa options are available.
Many European countries, such as Estonia, Portugal, and Spain, have introduced digital nomad visas or freelancer visas specifically catering to remote workers. These visas typically allow stays ranging from six months to two years, with options to renew.
Applying for a long-term visa involves more documentation and time compared to an ETIAS. Requirements usually include proof of income, a valid health insurance policy, and sometimes a contract with a local employer.
Although the process is more complex, long-term visas provide stability and residency rights, making them ideal for digital nomads who plan to stay in one country for an extended period.
Key Differences Between ETIAS and Long-Term Visa Options
While both ETIAS and long-term visas allow entry into Europe, they differ significantly in terms of duration, application process, and flexibility.
- Duration of Stay: The ETIAS permits stays of up to 90 days within a 180-day period, whereas long-term visas allow stays ranging from six months to several years.
- Ease of Application: The ETIAS application is quick and straightforward, whereas long-term visa applications require more documentation, including proof of income and insurance.
- Flexibility: ETIAS ETIAS is perfect for digital nomads who want to move frequently between different European countries. In contrast, long-term visas are better suited for those who prefer to settle in one country.
- Tax Implications: Digital nomads using ETIAS may avoid becoming tax residents in a European country if they keep their stay under 183 days in a calendar year. However, long-term visa holders often become tax residents, which can complicate financial planning.
Criteria | ETIAS | Long-Term Visa Options |
Duration of Stay | Up to 90 days within a 180-day period | Typically six months to several years, depending on the visa type |
Application Process | Simple online form, often processed in minutes | Requires more documentation such as proof of income, health insurance, etc. |
Flexibility | Ideal for frequent travelers moving between multiple Schengen countries | Best for settling in one country for extended periods |
Tax Implications | Less likely to trigger tax residency if staying less than 183 days | Often results in tax residency in the host country |
Cost | Low cost (€7 for ETIAS application) | Higher costs due to visa application fees and other financial requirements |
Residency Rights | No residency rights, short stays only | Provides residency rights and benefits such as healthcare in the host country |
Travel Scope | Access to all Schengen countries for short visits | Limited to the issuing country, with some visas allowing intra-Schengen travel |
Choosing Between ETIAS or Long-Term Visa
The decision between ETIAS and a long-term visa largely depends on your lifestyle and work arrangements.
- For Frequent Travelers: Digital nomads who prefer to move between European countries will find an ETIAS more convenient, as it allows for short, flexible stays in multiple countries without the need for reapplying.
- For Those Seeking Stability: Digital nomads who prefer to settle in one country, set up a home base, and focus on long-term work projects will benefit from a long-term visa. These visas offer stability, with fewer restrictions on the length of stay.
For digital nomads seeking both flexibility and stability, a combination of ETIAS for initial exploration and a long-term visa for settling in one country might be the ideal solution.
To help you visualize how each option works, let’s consider two real-world scenarios:
- Scenario 1: A digital nomad uses an ETIAS to travel between European cities like Lisbon, Berlin, and Barcelona. With no need for a long-term visa, this person can explore new destinations while continuing to work remotely.
- Scenario 2: A freelancer applies for a long-term visa in Portugal. With a stable base, they can enjoy residency benefits, including access to local healthcare, and avoid frequent travel disruptions.
These examples highlight the advantages and limitations of each visa option, depending on the individual’s travel habits and work requirements.
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Tax and Legal Considerations for Digital Nomads
Digital nomads should be aware of the tax implications when choosing between ETIAS and long-term visas. With an ETIAS, there is less risk of becoming a tax resident in any one country, provided the nomad stays under the 183-day rule.
However, long-term visa holders often become tax residents, requiring them to pay taxes in their host country.
It’s essential to research the tax laws of the specific countries you plan to stay in and ensure you comply with local tax regulations. You may also want to seek advice from a tax professional who specializes in cross-border work arrangements.
Understanding Visa Choices for a Smooth Digital Nomad Experience
Whether you choose an ETIAS or a long-term visa, both options provide unique opportunities for digital nomads in Europe.
The ETIAS offers flexibility for short-term stays across multiple countries, while long-term visas offer stability and residency rights for those who prefer to settle in one place.
By understanding the key differences and considering your travel and work preferences, you can make an informed decision that suits your needs.